Articles

Cell maps on the human genome

We have previously described evidence for a statistically significant, global, supra-chromosomal representation of the human body that appears to stretch over the entire genome.

Authors: Christopher Cherniak and Raul Rodriguez-Esteban

Molecular cytogenetic identification of small supernumerary marker chromosomes using chromosome microarray analysis

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in detecting the origin and structure of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) in prenatal and postnatal cases and...

Authors: Huili Xue, Hailong Huang, Yan Wang, Gang An, Min Zhang, Liangpu Xu and Yuan Lin

Analytical validation and chromosomal distribution of regions of homozygosity by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization from normal prenatal and postnatal case series

Regions of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous homozygous segments commonly seen in the human genome. The integration of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) probes into current array comparative genomic hybridi...

Authors: Jiadi Wen, Kathleen Comerford, Zhiyong Xu, Weiqing Wu, Katherine Amato, Brittany Grommisch, Autumn DiAdamo, Fang Xu, Hongyan Chai and Peining Li

Analysis of meiotic segregation modes in biopsied blastocysts from preimplantation genetic testing cycles of reciprocal translocations

To analyse the meiotic segregation modes of chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR) of reciprocal translocation in biopsied blastocysts from preimplantation genetic testing and to investigate whether an...

Authors: Jie Wang, Dong Li, Zhipeng Xu, Zhenyu Diao, Jianjun Zhou, Fei Lin and Ningyuan Zhang

Clinical experience with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for microdeletion syndromes in prenatal diagnosis: 7522 pregnant Korean women

Conventional cytogenetic analysis using G-band karyotyping has been the method of choice for prenatal diagnosis, accurately detecting chromosomal abnormalities larger than 5 Mb. However, the method is ineffici...

Authors: Dongsook Lee, Sohyun Na, Surim Park, Sanghee Go, Jinyoung Ma, Soonha Yang, Kichul Kim, Seunggwan Lee and Doyeong Hwang

Combined use of bacterial artificial chromosomes-on-beads with karyotype detection improves prenatal diagnosis

This study evaluated the individual and combined diagnostic performance of the bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs)-on-Beads (BoBs™) assay and conventional karyotyping for the prenatal detection of chromoso...

Authors: Zhengyou Miao, Xia Liu, Furong Hu, Ming Zhang, Pingli Yang and Luming Wang

The rare mutation in the endosome-associated recycling protein gene VPS50 is associated with human neural tube defects

Tight control of endosome trafficking is essential for the generation of a normally patterned embryo. Recent studies have found that VPS50 is a key ingredient in EARP which is required for recycling of interna...

Authors: Zhiwen Shi, Shuxia Chen, Xiao Han, Rui Peng, Jin Luo, Luming Yang, Yufang Zheng and Hongyan Wang

Genetic testing for Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome in the clinical practice of Guangdong Province, China

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are clinically distinct neurodevelopmental disorders caused by absence of paternally or maternally expressed imprinted genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13.3 r...

Authors: Chang Liu, Xiangzhong Zhang, Jicheng Wang, Yan Zhang, Anshi Wang, Jian Lu, Yanlin Huang, Shu Liu, Jing Wu, Li Du, Jie Yang, Hongke Ding, Ling Liu, Xin Zhao and Aihua Yin

Chromoanagenesis: cataclysms behind complex chromosomal rearrangements

During the last decade, genome sequencing projects in cancer genomes as well as in patients with congenital diseases and healthy individuals have led to the identification of new types of massive chromosomal r...

Authors: Franck Pellestor

Clinical and molecular findings in nine new cases of tetrasomy 18p syndrome: FISH and array CGH characterization

Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes (sSMC) are rare chromosomal abnormalities, which have abnormal banding arrangement and take many shapes. Several disorders have been correlated with sSMC presence. The ai...

Authors: Wafa Slimani, Hela Ben Khelifa, Sarra Dimassi, Fatma-Zohra Chioukh, Afef Jelloul, Molka Kammoun, Hanene Hannachi, Sarra Bouslah, Nesrine Jammali, Damien Sanlaville, Ali Saad and Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli

Pathway-based classification of genetic diseases

In medical genetics, diseases are classified according to the nature (hypothetical nature) of the underlying genetic defect. The classification is “gene-centric” and “factor-centric”; a disease may be, thereby...

Authors: Ivan Y. Iourov, Svetlana G. Vorsanova and Yuri B. Yurov

A patient with a diagnosis of nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma and a t(2;14)(p24;q32) involving MYCN and IGH

Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma is a rare entity in which the cytogenetic findings are not well defined. The t(2;14)(p24;q32) has previously been reported in three patients with blastic mantle cell lymphom...

Authors: Angela Brown, Isabella Sciascia-Visani, Dianna Farrell, Meg Smith, Clive Felix, Vanaja Mutharajah, Jackie Ruell and Graeme Taylor

Genomic instability in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient with mono-allelic deletion of the DLEU and RB1 genes

The most frequent cytogenetic abnormality detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients is the presence of a deletion within the chromosome band 13q14. Deletions can be heterogeneous in size, general...

Authors: María Paulina Nava-Rodríguez, Martín Daniel Domínguez-Cruz, Lilia Beatriz Aguilar-López, César Borjas-Gutiérrez, María Teresa Magaña-Torres and Juan Ramón González-García

Discrepancy of QF-PCR, CMA and karyotyping on a de novo case of mosaic isodicentric Y chromosomes

Isodicentric chromosomes are the most frequent structural aberrations of human Y chromosome, and usually present in mosaicism with a 45, X cell line. Several cytogenetic techniques have been used for diagnosin...

Authors: Yuan Liu, Li Guo, Hanbiao Chen, Jian Lu, Jingjing Hu, Xianzheng Li, Xing Li, Ting Wang, Fengzhen Li and Aihua Yin

The decision on the embryo to transfer after Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for X-autosome reciprocal translocation in male carrier

The aim of Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) on embryos produced in vitro is to identify the embryos without genetic or chromosomal defect from those embryos that will develop the genetic disease or are chr...

Authors: Sandrine Chamayou, Maria Sicali, Debora Lombardo, Carmelita Alecci and Antonino Guglielmino

Down syndrome phenotype in a boy with a mosaic microduplication of chromosome 21q22

Down syndrome, typically caused by trisomy 21, may also be associated by duplications of the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) on chromosome 21q22. However, patients with small duplications of DSCR without ...

Authors: Franziska Schnabel, Mateja Smogavec, Rudolf Funke, Silke Pauli, Peter Burfeind and Iris Bartels

VIII World Rett Syndrome Congress & Symposium of rare diseases, Kazan, Russia

VIII World Rett Syndrome Congress & Symposium of Rare Diseases was held in Kazan, Russia from 13 to 17 May 2016. Although it has been a while since the event, specific problems highlighted by the contributors ...

Authors: Ivan Y. Iourov, Svetlana G. Vorsanova, Yuri B. Yurov and Thomas Bertrand

Maternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 6 discovered by paternity testing: a case report

Uniparental disomy (UPD) is a rare condition in which a child inherits both copies of a chromosome or chromosome segment from one parent. Medical consequences of UPD may include abnormal imprinting, unmasking ...

Authors: Elizabeth R. Kerr, Gary M. Stuhlmiller, George C. Maha, Mark A. Ladd, Fady M. Mikhail, Ruth P. Koester and Anna C. E. Hurst

The application of NIPT using combinatorial probe-anchor synthesis to identify sex chromosomal aneuploidies (SCAs) in a cohort of 570 pregnancies

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as alternative screening method had been proven to have very high sensitivity and specificity for detecting common aneuploidies such as T21, T18, and T13, with low false po...

Authors: Hongge Li, Yu Lei, Hui Zhu, Yuqin Luo, Yeqing Qian, Min Chen, Yixi Sun, Kai Yan, Yanmei Yang, Bei Liu, Liya Wang, Yingzhi Huang, Junjie Hu, Jianyun Xu and Minyue Dong

Chromosomal abnormalities and copy number variations in fetal ventricular septal defects

This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), rather than traditional chromosome analysis, in prenatal diagnosis of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) for superior pre...

Authors: Meiying Cai, Hailong Huang, Linjuan Su, Na Lin, Xiaoqing Wu, Xiaorui Xie, Gang An, Ying Li, Yuan Lin, Liangpu Xu and Hua Cao

Cytogenomic characterization of 1q43q44 deletion associated with 4q32.1q35.2 duplication and phenotype correlation

Microdeletion of 1q43q44 causes a syndrome characterized by intellectual disability (ID), speech delay, seizures, microcephaly (MIC), corpus callosum abnormalities (CCA) and characteristic facial features. Dup...

Authors: A. M. Mohamed, H. T. El-Bassyouni, A. M. El-Gerzawy, S. A. Hammad, N. A. Helmy, A. K. Kamel, S. I. Ismail, M. Y. Issa, O. Eid and M. S. Zaki

Rare gene fusion rearrangement SPTNB1-PDGFRB in an atypical myeloproliferative neoplasm

The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia recognizes a distinct class of myeloid and lymphoid tumors with eosinophilia-related proliferations ass...

Authors: Vanessa Fiorini Furtado, Neeraj Y. Saini, William Walsh, Venu Bathini and Patricia M. Miron

18q22.1-qter deletion and 4p16.3 microduplication in a boy with speech delay and mental retardation: case report and review of the literature

Deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 18 have been associated with a highly variable phenotypic spectrum that is related to the extent of the deleted region. Duplications in chromosomal region 4p16.3 ...

Authors: Chunjing Wang, Huanhuan Ren, Huaifu Dong, Meng Liang, Qi Wu and Yaping Liao

Importance and usage of chromosomal microarray analysis in diagnosing intellectual disability, global developmental delay, and autism; and discovering new loci for these disorders

Chromosomal microarray analysis is a first-stage test that is used for the diagnosis of intellectual disability and global developmental delay. Chromosomal microarray analysis can detect well-known microdeleti...

Authors: Ahmet Cevdet Ceylan, Senol Citli, Haktan Bagis Erdem, Ibrahim Sahin, Elif Acar Arslan and Murat Erdogan

13q mosaic deletion including RB1 associated to mild phenotype and no cancer outcome – case report and review of the literature

The 13q deletion syndrome is a rare chromosome disorder associated with wide phenotypic spectrum, which is related to size and location of the deleted region and includes intellectual disability, growth retard...

Authors: Ilaria Bestetti, Alessandra Sironi, Ilaria Catusi, Milena Mariani, Daniela Giardino, Siranoush Manoukian, Donatella Milani, Lidia Larizza, Chiara Castronovo and Palma Finelli

Familiar unbalanced complex rearrangements involving 13 p-arm: description of two cases

Copy number variations (CNVs) are largely known today, but their position is rarely established by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or karyotype analysis.

Authors: Donatella Conconi, Nicoletta Villa, Serena Redaelli, Elena Sala, Francesca Crosti, Silva Maitz, Miriam Rigoldi, Rossella Parini, Leda Dalprà, Marialuisa Lavitrano and Gaia Roversi

Chromosomes of Asian cyprinid fishes: cytogenetic analysis of two representatives of small paleotetraploid tribe Probarbini

Polyploidy, although still poorly explored, represents an important evolutionary event in several cyprinid clades. Herein, Catlocarpio siamensis and Probarbus jullieni - representatives of the paleotetraploid tri...

Authors: Pasakorn Saenjundaeng, Marcelo de Bello Cioffi, Ezequiel Aguiar de Oliveira, Alongklod Tanomtong, Weerayuth Supiwong, Sumalee Phimphan, Maria João Collares-Pereira, Alexandr Sember, Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo, Thomas Liehr, Cassia Fernanda Yano, Terumi Hatanaka and Petr Ráb

Stable transmission of an unbalanced chromosome 21 derived from chromoanasynthesis in a patient with a SYNGAP1 likely pathogenic variant

Complex genomic structural variations, involving chromoanagenesis, have been implicated in multiple congenital anomalies and abnormal neurodevelopment. Familial inheritance of complex chromosomal structural al...

Authors: Peter J. B. Sabatini, Resham Ejaz, Dimitri J. Stavropoulos, Roberto Mendoza-Londono and Ann M. Joseph-George

Analysis of the accuracy of Z-scores of non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal Trisomies 13, 18, and 21 that employs the ion proton semiconductor sequencing platform

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is frequently being used to screen for trisomies 13, 18 and 21 for prenatal diagnosis. However, NIPT performs poorly when compared with invasive testing and thus should not...

Authors: Yuan Tian, Linlin Zhang, Weifang Tian, Jinshuang Gao, Liting Jia and Shihong Cui

Recombinant chromosome 4 in two fetuses - case report and literature review

Recombinant chromosome 4 syndrome (rec 4 syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder, predominately resulting from a parental pericentric inversion of chromosome 4. To date, a total of 18 cases of rec (4) syndrome we...

Authors: Yi Wu, Yanlin Wang, Shi Wu Wen, Xinrong Zhao, Wenjing Hu, Chunmin Liu, Li Gao, Yan Zhang, Shan Wang, Xingyu Yang, Biwei He and Weiwei Cheng

Performance of non-invasive prenatal testing for trisomies 21 and 18 in twin pregnancies

Cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma represents a source of fetal genetic material that can be sampled noninvasively. There are ample studies confirming the accuracy of NIPT in singleton pregnancies, but the...

Authors: Jiexia Yang, Yiming Qi, Yaping Hou, Fangfang Guo, Haishan Peng, Dongmei Wang, O. Y. Haoxin, Yixia Wang, Huajie Huang and Aihua Yin

CGH analysis in Colombian patients: findings of 1374 arrays in a seven-year study

Array-based comparative genome hybridization (array CGH) is a first-line test used in the genetic evaluation of individuals with multiple anomalies, developmental delays, and cognitive deficits. In this study,...

Authors: Mary García-Acero, Fernando Suárez-Obando and Alberto Gómez-Gutiérrez

Pallister-Killian syndrome: clinical, cytogenetic and molecular findings in 15 cases

Pallister Killian syndrome (PKS, OMIM 601803) is a rare genetic disorder with a distinct phenotype caused by tissue- limited mosaicism tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12, which usually cytogenetically...

Authors: Birsen Karaman, Hülya Kayserili, Asadollah Ghanbari, Zehra Oya Uyguner, Güven Toksoy, Umut Altunoglu and Seher Basaran

Application of chromosomal microarray analysis in products of miscarriage

Chromosomal abnormality is one of the major cause of spontaneous abortion. Most available guidelines suggest genetic testing after three miscarriages, which has been proved to be difficult to adhere to and som...

Authors: Xiangyu Zhu, Jie Li, Yujie Zhu, Wanjun Wang, Xing Wu, Ying Yang, Leilei Gu, Yuanyuan Gu and Yali Hu

Investigation of copy number variations on chromosome 21 detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray in patients with congenital anomalies

The clinical features of Down syndrome vary among individuals, with those most common being congenital heart disease, intellectual disability, developmental abnormity and dysmorphic features. Complex combinati...

Authors: Wenfu Li, Xianfu Wang and Shibo Li

Monosomy chromosome 21 compensated by 21q22.11q22.3 duplication in a case with small size and minor anomalies

Partial monosomy 21 is a rare finding with variable sizes and deletion breakpoints, presenting with a broad spectrum of phenotypes.

Authors: Meng Su, Paul J. Benke, Guney Bademci, Filiz Basak Cengiz, Xiaomei Ouyang, Jinghong Peng, Carmen E. Casas, Mustafa Tekin and Yao-Shan Fan

Submicroscopic chromosomal imbalances contribute to early abortion

Chromosomal abnormalities are one of the genetic mechanisms associated with abortion. However, the roles of submicroscopic chromosomal imbalances in early abortion are still unclear. This study aims to find ou...

Authors: Haibo Li, Minjuan Liu, Min Xie, Qin Zhang, Jingjing Xiang, Chengying Duan, Yang Ding, Yinghua Liu, Jun Mao, Ting Wang and Hong Li

An uncommon t(9;11)(p24;q22) with monoallelic loss of ATM and KMT2A genes in a child with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia who evolved from Fanconi anemia

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is rare in the pediatric age group and it may be associated with inheritable bone marrow failure (BMF) such as Fanconi anemia (FA). FA is a rare multi-system genetic disorder, ch...

Authors: Viviane Lamim Lovatel, Daiane Corrêa de Souza, Tatiana Fonseca Alvarenga, Roberto R. Capela de Matos, Claudia Diniz, Marcia Trindade Schramm, Juan Clinton Llerena Júnior, Maria Luiza Macedo Silva, Eliana Abdelhay and Teresa de Souza Fernandez

Microduplication in the 2p16.1p15 chromosomal region linked to developmental delay and intellectual disability

Several patients with the 2p16.1p15 microdeletion syndrome have been reported. However, microduplication in the 2p16.1p15 chromosomal region has only been reported in one case, and milder clinical features wer...

Authors: Luca Lovrecic, Chiara Gnan, Federica Baldan, Alessandra Franzoni, Sara Bertok, Giuseppe Damante, Bertrand Isidor and Borut Peterlin

Publisher Correction: Is DNA methylation the new guardian of the genome?

In the original publication of this article [1] the figures and the captions of 3 figures do not match correctly due to a typographical error. In this correction article the corrected figures and captions for ...

Authors: Robert M. Hoffman

A foetus with 18p11.32-q21.2 duplication and Xp22.33-p11.1 deletion derived from a maternal reciprocal translocation t(X;18)(q13;q21.3)

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) evaluates circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and has been widely applied, with highly accurate results for detecting foetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13. Recently, increasing att...

Authors: Jun-Kun Chen, Ping Liu, Li-Qin Hu, Qing Xie, Quan-Fei Huang and Hai-Liang Liu

Yuri B. Yurov (1951-2017)

Authors: Ivan Y. Iourov and Svetlana G. Vorsanova

Characterization of chromosome composition of sugarcane in nobilization by using genomic in situ hybridization

Interspecific hybridization is an effective strategy for germplasm innovation in sugarcane. Nobilization refers to the breeding theory of development and utilization of wild germplasm. Saccharum spontaneum is the...

Authors: Fan Yu, Ping Wang, Xueting Li, Yongji Huang, Qinnan Wang, Ling Luo, Yanfen Jing, Xinlong Liu, Zuhu Deng, Jiayun Wu, Yongqing Yang, Rukai Chen, Muqing Zhang and Liangnian Xu

Cryptic breakpoint identified by whole-genome mate-pair sequencing in a rare paternally inherited complex chromosomal rearrangement

Precise characterization of apparently balanced complex chromosomal rearrangements in non-affected individuals is crucial as they may result in reproductive failure, recurrent miscarriages or affected offspring.

Authors: Constantia Aristidou, Athina Theodosiou, Andria Ketoni, Mads Bak, Mana M. Mehrjouy, Niels Tommerup and Carolina Sismani

Application of chromosomal microarray to investigate genetic causes of isolated fetal growth restriction

Application of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) to investigate the genetic characteristics of fetal growth restriction (FGR) without ultrasonic structural anomalies at 18–32 weeks.

Authors: Gang An, Yuan Lin, Liang Pu Xu, Hai Long Huang, Si Ping Liu, Yan Hong Yu and Fang Yang

An improved method for inducing prometaphase chromosomes in plants

Detailed karyotyping using metaphase chromosomes in melon (Cucumis melo L.) remains a challenge because of their small chromosome sizes and poor stainability. Prometaphase chromosomes, which are two times longer ...

Authors: Agus Budi Setiawan, Chee How Teo, Shinji Kikuchi, Hidenori Sassa and Takato Koba

Understanding aneuploidy in cancer through the lens of system inheritance, fuzzy inheritance and emergence of new genome systems

In the past 15 years, impressive progress has been made to understand the molecular mechanism behind aneuploidy, largely due to the effort of using various -omics approaches to study model systems (e.g. yeast ...

Authors: Christine J. Ye, Sarah Regan, Guo Liu, Sarah Alemara and Henry H. Heng

Derivative chromosomes involving 5p large rearranged segments went unnoticed with the use of conventional cytogenetics

In countries where comparative genomic hybridization arrays (aCGH) and next generation sequencing are not widely available due to accessibility and economic constraints, conventional 400–500-band karyotyping i...

Authors: Emiy Yokoyama, Victoria Del Castillo, Silvia Sánchez, Sandra Ramos, Bertha Molina, Leda Torres, María José Navarro, Silvia Avila, José Luis Castrillo, Benilde García-De Teresa, Bárbara Asch and Sara Frías

A boy with developmental delay and mosaic supernumerary inv dup(5)(p15.33p15.1) leading to distal 5p tetrasomy – case report and review of the literature

With only 11 patients reported, 5p tetrasomy belongs to rare postnatal findings. Most cases are due to small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) or isochromosomes. The patients share common but unspecific...

Authors: Pavel Tesner, Jana Drabova, Miroslav Stolfa, Martin Kudr, Martin Kyncl, Veronika Moslerova, Drahuse Novotna, Radka Kremlikova Pourova, Eduard Kocarek, Tereza Rasplickova, Zdenek Sedlacek and Marketa Vlckova

Loss of DMRT1 gene in a Mos 45,XY,-9[8]/46,XY,r(9)[29]/47,XY,+idic r(9)× 2[1]/46,XY,idic r(9)[1]/46,XY[1] female presenting with short stature

A 46,XY sex reversal syndrome is characterized by discordant genetic and phenotypic sex, leading to normal external female genitalia, undeveloped gonads and presence of Müllerian structures in an otherwise 46,...

Authors: Bagas A. Marsudi, Hannie Kartapradja, Chrysantine Paramayuda, Jose R. L. Batubara, Alida R. Harahap and Nanis S. Marzuki