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The human genome presents variation at distinct levels, copy number variants (CNVs) are DNA segments of variable lengths that range from several base pairs to megabases and are present at a variable number of ...
Molecular cytogenetic and cytogenomic studies have made a contribution to genetics of epilepsy. However, current genomic research of this devastative condition is generally focused on the molecular genetic asp...
Patients with deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 1 are rare. The PBX1 gene is located on chromosome 1q23.3. PBX1 encodes a transcription factor which promotes protein–protein interaction and plays a c...
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PHMDS) is a rare genetic disorder mostly caused by haploinsufficincy of SHANK3 gene, and characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, minor dysmorphic features, seizures and...
A patient with a myelodysplastic neoplasm exhibited a karyotype with multiple complex chromosome 5 rearrangements. This patient appeared to have a catastrophic cytogenetic event that manifested as a treatment-...
Molecular combing technology (MCT) is an effective means for stretching DNA molecules and making them thus accessible for in situ studies. MCT uses the force exerted in the process of liquid flow via surface t...
Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important source of normal and pathogenic genome variations. CNVs identified in prenatal cases need careful considerations and correct interpretation if those are harmless or...
We describe a fetus with a 2.12-Mb terminal deleted fragment in 16q associated with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) and lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome (LDS) and int...
Neurodevelopmental disorders are genetically heterogeneous pediatric conditions. The first tier diagnostic method for uncovering copy number variations (CNVs), one of the most common genetic etiologies in affe...
HAP1, a near-haploid human leukemic cancer cell line is often used in combination with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology for genetic screens. HAP1 carries the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and an additional ~...
It is hard to believe that all the cells of a human brain share identical genomes. Indeed, single cell genetic studies have demonstrated intercellular genomic variability in the normal and diseased brain. More...
The history of comparative chromosome mapping is briefly reviewed, with discussion about the problem that occurs in chromosome painting when size heteromorphisms between homologues cause contamination in chrom...
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a diverse disease characterized by the expansion of blasts of myeloid lineage. Cytogenetic testing is the cornerstone for risk stratification of AML patients. Geographical and e...
Corpus callosum malformations (CCM) represent one of the most common congenital cerebral malformations with a prevalence of around one for 4000 births. There have been at least 230 reports in the literature co...
Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are rare chromosomal structural variations, containing a variety of rearrangements such as translocation, inversion and/or insertion. With the development of cytogenet...
Hemophilia A is considered one of the most common severe hereditary disorders. It is an X-linked recessive disease caused by a deficiency or lack of function of the blood clotting factor VIII. Klinefelter synd...
So called cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the maternal plasma, which is derived from placenta, is widely used to screen fetal aneuploidies, including trisomy 21, 18, 13 and sex chromosomes. Here we reported a ...
Copy number variants are a substantial source of pathogenic or normal genome variations. Chromosomal imbalances of several megabasepair are normally harmful for the affected person. Still, rarely reported are ...
Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) are rare chromosomal structural abnormalities. The chromosomal structural variants in CCR carriers are one of the factors contributing to a history of adverse pregnancy...
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has had an incomparable triumph in prenatal diagnostics in the last decade. Over 1400 research articles have been published, predominantly praising the advantages of this t...
Unbalanced chromosome abnormalities (UBCA) are either gains or losses or large genomic regions, but the affected person is not or only minimally clinically affected. Copy number variants (CNVs) are an importan...
Complex chromosomal rearrangements involve the restructuring of genetic material within a single chromosome or across multiple chromosomes. These events can cause serious human disease by disrupting coding DNA...
The mosaic forms and clinical phenotypes of fetuses with isochromosome Y are difficult to predict. Therefore, we summarized the cases of nine fetuses with isochromosome Y identified in prenatal diagnosis with ...
Partial trisomy 13q is a less common chromosomal abnormality with a great clinical variability, among them, isolated partial trisomy 13q is extremely rare. Here, we report two new unrelated cases of partial tr...
21q22 amplification is a rare cytogenetic aberration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). So far, the cytogenomic and molecular features and clinical correlation of 21q22 amplification in AML have not been well-ch...
Since 2011, noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has undergone rapid expansion, with both utilization and coverage. However, conclusive data regarding the clinical validity and utility of this testing tool are ...
Proximal region of chromosome 15 long arm is rich in duplicons that, define five breakpoints (BP) for 15q rearrangements. 15q11.2 microdeletion has been previously associated with developmental delay, mental r...
There are a few literature reports of prenatal ultrasound manifestations of Williams-Beuren syndrome. We aimed to explore the prenatal diagnosis of Williams-Beuren syndrome by ultrasound and chromosomal microa...
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) are additional centric chromosome fragments too small to be identified by banding cytogenetics alone. A sSMC can originate from any chromosome and it is estimated ...
Tetrasomy 18p syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that is caused by the presence of isochromosome 18p. Most tetrasomy 18p cases are de novo cases and maternal origin of trisomy 18p is a rare condition. At ...
Partial trisomy 9p is one of the most frequent autosome anomalies in newborn infants featured by craniofacial dysmorphism, intellectual disability and psychomotor growth. Female patients carrying monosomy Xq u...
Structural chromosomal rearrangements result from different mechanisms of formation, usually related to certain genomic architectural features that may lead to genetic instability. Most of these rearrangements...
Chromosome aberrations of 10p monosomy and 10q trisomy resulting from parental pericentric inversion 10 are extremely rare, and to date, very few reports have been published on the matter.
Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important source of normal and pathogenic genome variations. Unbalanced chromosome abnormalities (UBCA) are either gains or losses or large genomic regions, but the affected ...
Using combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and high-throughput whole-genome sequencing (WGS) molecular cytogenetic technology, we aim to analyze the junction breakpoints of complex chromosome rea...
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a genetic disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, relative macrocephaly at birth, body asymmetry and typical facial features. Clinical and mole...
Uniparental disomy (UPD) refers to an epigenomic abnormality in which both copies of, or a part of, a homologous pair of chromosomes are inherited from one parent. UPD arises via a number of mechanisms, includ...
Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 11 is a rare cytogenetic abnormality. It has been characterized by variable sized duplications that lead to a range of phenotypes including growth retardation, dev...
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is the most recent modality widely used in prenatal diagnostics. Commercially available NIPT has high sensitivity and specificity for the common fetal chromosomal aneuploidi...
Ring chromosomes can be formed by terminal breaks of two arms of a chromosome and their rejoining, leading to a loss of genetic material. They may also be formed by telomere-telomere fusions with no deletion, ...
Maternal non-Robertsonian translocation-t(20;22)(q13;q11.2) between chromosomes 20 and 22resulting in an additional complex small supernumerary marker chromosome as derivative (22)inherited to the proband is n...
Copy number variants (CNVs) are an important source of normal and pathogenic genome variations. Especially CNVs identified in prenatal cases need careful considerations and correct interpretation if those are ...
Chromosomal imbalances of several megabasepair in size are normally deleterious for the carrier. Still, rarely reported are so-called “unbalanced chromosome abnormalities” (UBCAs), which are either gains or lo...
Analyses of miscarriage products indicate that the majority of aneuploidies in early developing embryos derive from errors occurring during maternal meiosis and the paternal contribution is less than 10%. Our ...
Unbalanced translocations may be de novo or inherited from one parent carrying the balanced form and are usually present in all cells. Mosaic unbalanced translocations are extremely rare with a highly variable...
Rare chromosomal structural abnormalities, including ring chromosomes, often pose challenges to clinical genetic counselling.
Klinefelter syndrome is a common chromosomal (aneuploidy) disorder associated with an extra X chromosome in males. Regardless of numerous studies dedicated to somatic gonosomal mosaicism, Klinefelter syndrome ...
Overlapping microdeletions of chromosome 3q26-3q28 have been reported in eight individuals. The common phenotype observed in these individuals include intrauterine growth restriction, short stature, microcepha...
With the introduction of genetic tests such as chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES) into fetal medical practices, genotype–phenotype correlations in intrauterine-onset disorders have...
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Molecular Cytogenetics