Fig. 6

NGS reads from alpaca flow karyotype are shown; number/proportion of reads assigned to each human chromosome (HSA) are indicated in the X-axis. Non-specific reads are distributed equally between chromosomes. The results demonstrate strong chromosome homology between alpaca, mouse, and human based on chromosome-specific sequencing. (A) Alpaca X (= VPA peak C in flow karyotype) map to the reference human and mouse X chromosomes. (B-1). VPA peak A maps to human chromosomes 3, and 21 which shares homology with CDR 1, and to HSA 4 sharing homology with CDR 2. (These dromedary chromosomes are likely therefore to be conserved in VPA 1 and VPA 2, respectively). (B-2) VPA peak D shows homology to most of human chromosomes 14 and 15. HSA 14 and 15 are syntenic in most mammalian karyotypes, are both present in CDR 4 and are likely to correspond to VPA 6 (because CDR 4 has a large interstitial repeat, absent in alpaca, which is indicated by its larger size and its position in the flow karyotype above the CDR 3 peak, see text and Fig. 5). (C-1) VPA peak B seems to map only to human chromosome 5 which corresponds to CDR 3 and therefore to VPA 3. (C-2) VPA peak H maps to human chromosomes 1, 16 and 19 (all of which share homology with CDR 9, and therefore most likely to VPA 9 also). (D) VPA peak M maps to HSA 17 and MMU 11 and 12. As CDR 16 shares sequences with human 17 it is likely that it corresponds to VPA 16. MMU 12 has homology with parts of human chromosome 2, and 7 (probably present in VPA peak M) but not with HSA 17. This satisfactorily explains why the VPA peak M contains chromosome fragments corresponding to parts of both MMU 11 and 12 (see text and Fig. 7)