Figure 3From: DNA secondary structure is influenced by genetic variation and alters susceptibility to de novo translocation In vitro assay for secondary structure formation. (A) EMSA for the plasmid insert upon agarose gel electrophoresis. (right) psoralen crosslinking that can retard the mobility of the cruciform-extruding insert. (B) Confirmation of cruciform extruding plasmid inserts by AFM. Images were obtained twice for each sample. Linear or cruciform-extruding inserts were counted. The calculated percentages were approximately equal to the values estimated from EMSA. (C) Correlation between translocation frequency and cruciform-forming propensity of the PATRR estimated by EMSA. The horizontal axis indicates the percentage of plasmids extruding a cruciform, while the vertical axis indicates the de novo translocation frequency in sperm. Linear correlation was observed which was statistically significant (r = 0.77, P = 0.01).Back to article page